{"id":142,"date":"2024-09-02T19:43:04","date_gmt":"2024-09-02T17:43:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.institutobz.org\/?page_id=142"},"modified":"2026-04-14T12:27:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T10:27:21","slug":"proyectos-externos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/en\/proyectos-externos\/","title":{"rendered":"External Projects"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"142\" class=\"elementor elementor-142\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40532d5c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"40532d5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-574cf577 colortext elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"574cf577\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">External Projects<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c80606e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4c80606e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae56565 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ae56565\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cebb4b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cebb4b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Neuroscience Research<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48ffd4e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"48ffd4e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60cf259f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60cf259f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41f4fd12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41f4fd12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-487d4b83 colortext elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"487d4b83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Santiago Canals and Claudio Mirasso Project: Non-Invasive Deep Neuromodulation via Temporal Interference<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a56ef5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5a56ef5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"325\" src=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Neuromodulacion-Profunda-No-Invasiva.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-4626\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Neuromodulacion-Profunda-No-Invasiva.jpg 512w, https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Neuromodulacion-Profunda-No-Invasiva-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Neuromodulacion-Profunda-No-Invasiva-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-317da67a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"317da67a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02376ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"02376ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Claudio-Mirasso-Santiago-Canals-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-4627\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Claudio-Mirasso-Santiago-Canals-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Claudio-Mirasso-Santiago-Canals-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Claudio-Mirasso-Santiago-Canals.jpg 406w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Santiago Canals y Claudio Mirasso<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d874ff1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d874ff1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\">The brain functions through the coordinated activity of millions of neurons that communicate with each other via rhythmic electrical signals. These \u201cbrain rhythms\u201d oscillate at different frequencies and act as a synchronization system, allowing different regions to work together efficiently.<o:p><\/o:p><\/p><p>\n\n<\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\">When these rhythms are disrupted, cognitive difficulties may arise, such as memory problems, lack of attention, or impairments in other mental functions. In fact, experimental studies in rodents have shown that enhancing specific brain rhythms can improve performance in memory and learning tasks, suggesting that these oscillations not only reflect brain activity but also actively influence it.<o:p><\/o:p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a10d5c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a10d5c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In recent years, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been developed\u2014methods that can be applied in humans without the need for surgery\u2014with the aim of modulating these rhythms. However, current methodologies primarily act on the more superficial layers of the brain and barely reach deeper structures, such as those involved in memory, which limits their effectiveness in influencing complex cognitive processes.<br \/>This project investigates an emerging technique known as temporal interference. Its approach is innovative: applying two high-frequency electrical currents from outside the skull that, individually, do not produce noticeable effects on neuronal activity. However, when these currents overlap in a specific region of the brain, they generate a low-frequency rhythm capable of modulating neuronal activity.<br \/>In other words, although each individual current \u201cgoes unnoticed,\u201d their interaction within the brain creates an effective signal precisely at the point where they overlap. This principle opens up the possibility of stimulating deep regions, such as those involved in memory, without the need for invasive procedures.<br \/>The work is carried out in three complementary stages:<br \/>\u2013 First stage: experimental validation. The phenomenon will be studied in animal models to precisely understand how the currents pass through different tissues and how they modulate neuronal excitability. In addition, the impact of different stimulation protocols on the frequency and synchronization of brain activity will be systematically evaluated.<br \/>\u2013 Second stage: personalized computational modeling. Experimental results will be integrated into advanced computational models (digital twins) built from neuroimaging and electroencephalography data. These models will allow simulation of current distribution and adjustment of stimulation parameters to optimize effectiveness for each individual.<br \/>\u2013 Third stage: translation to humans. Finally, the experimental and computational knowledge will be transferred to the design of specific brain stimulation protocols that can be validated in studies with human participants, ensuring safety, precision, and reproducibility criteria.<br \/>Overall, the project aims to develop a safe and personalized neuromodulation strategy that contributes to enhancing cognitive function in a non-invasive manner.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96b8c2f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"96b8c2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afb5799 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"afb5799\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67dc2ca e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67dc2ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d128082 colortext elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d128082\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ceferino Maest\u00fa Project: Modulation of Tumor Proliferation through Bioactive Magnetic Fields<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-422e170 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"422e170\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"325\" src=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Gliobastoma.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-4642\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Gliobastoma.jpg 512w, https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Gliobastoma-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Gliobastoma-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c1cb52 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5c1cb52\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39edf24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"39edf24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"231\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ceferino_Maestu-231x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-4638\" alt=\"Ceferino_Maestu\" srcset=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ceferino_Maestu-231x300.jpg 231w, https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ceferino_Maestu-9x12.jpg 9w, https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ceferino_Maestu.jpg 381w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 231px) 100vw, 231px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Ceferino Maest\u00fa<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90e3cf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90e3cf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0 Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and common primary brain tumor in adults, associated with a devastating prognosis and a median survival of around 15 months, as current treatments (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) are largely palliative rather than curative. In response to this challenge, the Bioelectromagnetism Laboratory (CTB-UPM) proposes to investigate a non-invasive therapeutic strategy based on low-frequency, low-intensity magnetic stimulation.\u00a0<\/p><p>The central hypothesis of the study is that the application of specific bioactive magnetic field codes can modulate cellular signaling pathways and reduce tumor proliferation in an in vivo model.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7404a83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7404a83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The project is based on previous in vitro results that demonstrated the ability of these fields to reduce glioblastoma viability in two UPM projects also funded by the Foundation. The methodology will employ a C57BL\/6 mouse model implanted with glioblastoma cells. The animals will be divided into four experimental groups (control and treated) and exposed to a RILZ coil system (patented by the Foundation) that generates square waves at 50 Hz with intensities of 10, 25, and 100 \u00b5T.\n\nOutcome evaluation will include measurement of tumor volume, histopathological analyses to assess necrosis and proliferation, and studies of biochemical biomarkers. This study is expected to validate a new treatment modality capable of slowing tumor growth or inducing cell death, laying the groundwork for low-toxicity physical oncology therapies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c89ae4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2c89ae4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d330dc7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d330dc7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e04f70a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e04f70a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-931b716 colortext elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"931b716\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Javier de Felipe Project: Intelligence and Brain Microstructure.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3db6631 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3db6631\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Neurona.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1742\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Neurona.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Neurona-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Neurona-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Neurona-768x488.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8bedba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d8bedba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f6e3ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3f6e3ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"294\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Javier-de-Felipe-294x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1827\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Javier-de-Felipe-294x300.jpg 294w, https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Javier-de-Felipe-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Javier-de-Felipe.jpg 685w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Javier de Felipe<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-733b0e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"733b0e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The existence of prodigies\u2014or otherwise typical individuals with extraordinary abilities in one or more areas of art or science\u2014is a well-known phenomenon that appears from time to time throughout history. This superior intellectual or artistic capacity has attracted the attention of numerous scientists seeking to understand what is special about the brains of these individuals, especially given that there are people with very large brains and others with much smaller ones who nonetheless exhibit similar cognitive abilities, with differences that can reach 50% or more in brain mass.\n\nIn other words, variations involving billions of neurons and synapses do not seem to have a clear functional impact. However, this cannot be a sufficient explanation, since if a typical individual were to lose half of their brain mass, the consequences would be catastrophic.&nbsp;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26b4a5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26b4a5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>So, what determines whether a person is more intelligent, or a genius in music, painting, literature, and so on? Given that the complexity of the dendritic tree of pyramidal cells and the number of synapses per neuron are greater in humans than in other species, our starting hypothesis is that it depends on the individual pattern of the structure of pyramidal cells and their connections\u2014or the \u201csynaptome\u201d (more synapses = greater intelligence).<strong>.<\/strong><\/p><p>The main objective is to conduct a detailed microanatomical analysis of the cerebral cortex in individuals with different IQ values (low, medium, high) in order to obtain data on the possible differences among them. This project consists of two main objectives:<\/p><ol><li>Morphometric analysis of pyramidal cells labeled intracellularly with Lucifer Yellow. This objective will encompass the study of dendritic arborization, including dendritic length, branching patterns, and dendritic tree complexity. Additionally, the number, size, and density of dendritic spines will be analyzed. With this aim, we intend to examine in detail the possible differences in the microanatomy of pyramidal cells between individuals with different IQ scores.<\/li><li>3D study of synaptic organization using a cross-beam electron microscope (dual beam; FIB\/SEM technology) to obtain more precise and extensive information on synaptic organization than has been possible so far. This objective will involve a detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of the number, density, and size of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in individuals with different IQ values. With this aim, we seek to determine whether there are differences at the synaptic level.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Proyectos Externos Investigaci\u00f3n en Neurociencia Proyecto Santiago Canals y Claudio Mirasso: Neuromodulaci\u00f3n Profunda No Invasiva mediante Interferencia Temporal Santiago Canals y Claudio Mirasso El cerebro funciona gracias a la actividad coordinada de millones de neuronas que se comunican entre s\u00ed mediante se\u00f1ales el\u00e9ctricas r\u00edtmicas. Estos \u201critmos cerebrales\u201d oscilan a distintas frecuencias y act\u00faan como un [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1737,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-142","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Proyectos Externos - Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explora la investigaci\u00f3n en el Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o de Neurociencia, donde estudiamos el cerebro y la inteligencia humana.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/en\/proyectos-externos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Proyectos Externos - Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Explora la investigaci\u00f3n en el Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o de Neurociencia, donde estudiamos el cerebro y la inteligencia humana.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/en\/proyectos-externos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fundacionhumanismoyciencia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-14T10:27:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Portada_investigacion.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"540\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/proyectos-externos\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/proyectos-externos\\\/\",\"name\":\"Proyectos Externos - Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/proyectos-externos\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/proyectos-externos\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/Portada_investigacion.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-02T17:43:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-14T10:27:21+00:00\",\"description\":\"Explora la investigaci\u00f3n en el Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o de Neurociencia, donde estudiamos el cerebro y la inteligencia humana.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/proyectos-externos\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/proyectos-externos\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/proyectos-externos\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/Portada_investigacion.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/Portada_investigacion.jpg\",\"width\":960,\"height\":540,\"caption\":\"Investigaci\u00f3n\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/proyectos-externos\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Proyectos Externos\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/\",\"name\":\"Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o de Neurociencia\",\"description\":\"Investigaci\u00f3n de la Inteligencia Humana\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o de Neurociencia\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/Logo_yoast_1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/Logo_yoast_1.jpg\",\"width\":696,\"height\":696,\"caption\":\"Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o de Neurociencia\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutoz-b.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/fundacionhumanismoyciencia\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/fundacionhumanismoyciencia_\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/fundacion-humanismo-y-ciencia\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@fundacion_humanismo_ciencia\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Proyectos Externos - Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o","description":"Explora la investigaci\u00f3n en el Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o de Neurociencia, donde estudiamos el cerebro y la inteligencia humana.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/en\/proyectos-externos\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Proyectos Externos - Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o","og_description":"Explora la investigaci\u00f3n en el Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o de Neurociencia, donde estudiamos el cerebro y la inteligencia humana.","og_url":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/en\/proyectos-externos\/","og_site_name":"Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fundacionhumanismoyciencia","article_modified_time":"2026-04-14T10:27:21+00:00","og_image":[{"width":960,"height":540,"url":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Portada_investigacion.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/proyectos-externos\/","url":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/proyectos-externos\/","name":"Proyectos Externos - Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/proyectos-externos\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/proyectos-externos\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Portada_investigacion.jpg","datePublished":"2024-09-02T17:43:04+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-14T10:27:21+00:00","description":"Explora la investigaci\u00f3n en el Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o de Neurociencia, donde estudiamos el cerebro y la inteligencia humana.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/proyectos-externos\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/proyectos-externos\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/proyectos-externos\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Portada_investigacion.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Portada_investigacion.jpg","width":960,"height":540,"caption":"Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/proyectos-externos\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Proyectos Externos"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/","name":"Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o de Neurociencia","description":"Investigaci\u00f3n de la Inteligencia Humana","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/#organization","name":"Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o de Neurociencia","url":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Logo_yoast_1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Logo_yoast_1.jpg","width":696,"height":696,"caption":"Instituto Zapata-Brice\u00f1o de Neurociencia"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fundacionhumanismoyciencia","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/fundacionhumanismoyciencia_\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/fundacion-humanismo-y-ciencia\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@fundacion_humanismo_ciencia"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/142","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142"}],"version-history":[{"count":212,"href":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/142\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5360,"href":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/142\/revisions\/5360"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/institutoz-b.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}